Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Top Best Research Paper Sites Reviews!

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Tuesday, December 17, 2019

The Removalists Essay - Stereotypes - 1407 Words

Australian dramas, such as David Williamson’s â€Å"The Removalists†, inclination to depend on stereotypes is not a weakness, but instead an opportunity to explore personal and societal issues. The inclusion of stereotypes within the play does not hinder the exploration of these issues, but instead deepens the audiences understanding and awareness. Through familiar roles, such as the ‘Oker’ identity, Williamson heightens the play, and allows a production to focus on the themes being explored. By using stereotyped characters in contrast with realistic characters and style, Williamson effectively comment on the faults of society without the distraction of character complexity. The Oker character is used by Williamson as a tool to allow the†¦show more content†¦In this scene we tended to speak loudly, often finding ourselves shouting and making rude innuendos and racist comments. As we workshopped the scene further, we discussed how this was a representation of the Australian society that we had seen in the media. It could be concluded from my workshop, that in a production of The Removalists this familiarity of character was an opportunity, as it allows the faults within the stereotype to dominate. As well as emphasise on the faults within the stereotype, the use of recognisable characters in a production of The Removalists allows for an effective comment on the faults within Australian society. Through the use of stereotyped characters, the play provides a deeper insight into the serious personal and societal issues within the Australian community, without the distraction of character complexity. These themes, which are explored through stereotypes, are violence, abuse of authority, and sexism and sexuality. The underlying messages that Australia is an inherently violent society, and that the Australian male uses violence to resolve their problems is shown in The Removalists through the Oker identity of Simmonds and Kenny. Stereotypes creating deeper understanding of the themes when staging this production are presented immediately by Kenny’s recognisable personality, which allows the audience to easily accept that Kenny would abuse his wife

Monday, December 9, 2019

Explain the difference between Act and rule utilitarianism Example For Students

Explain the difference between Act and rule utilitarianism Utilitarianism is described as being either an act or a rule. Act utilitarianism was devised by Jeremy Bentham which he believed human beings were motivated by pleasure and pain and therefore they may do anything which brings out the greatest good for the greatest number. He believed people must measure their actions by using the hedonic calculus as it weighs up the pain and pleasure generated by the available moral actions to find the best possible outcome. However rule utilitarianism is motivated by rules, unlike act, rule believes that it is not the consequence which determines whether an act is right or wrong, however it is the act itself. Mill believed that the well being of the individual was of greatest importance and that happiness is most effectively gained when the individual are free to pursue their own ends, subject to the rules that protect the common good of all. Act utilitarianism does not act on moral rules; the theory allows people to make their own decisions, however the decision should be based on the consequence that the action would produce. The out come must bring out the Greatest good for the greatest number. Thus cannot be for one person alone as an act utililitarianist aim to bring out the maximum amount of good and least amount of pain. For example in act utilitarianism a group of people may be on there way to the cinema, however may come across a lady asking to give money for charity, according to act utilitarianism the people would therefore have to give up there cinema money and give it to charity instead, this is done because it would cause the maximum amount of good, as the charity would help a lot of people, and the least amount of pain as they would not be able to have money to go to the cinema, however over the next following weeks the people may be going cinema and keep having to give to charity as they always see the lad y on the way, therefore the group of friends would be missing out on leisure time which would be a disadvantage of there actions. In contrast a rule utilitarian would not persistently give up their money for charity each time, they see the good of giving to charity, because a rule is to allow time for leisure, and constantly giving up the money would not be doing so, therefore a rule utilitarian may resolve this problem by carrying extra money in to give to charity and the rest of the money to go cinema. This is because rule utilitarianism is based on acting on rules. Therefore one of the main differences between act and rule utilitarianism is that the rightness or wrongness of an action is based on the act itself and not the outcome of the act, as a result of this rule utilitarianism has a deontological approach. For example if a poor person steals money from a rich person an act utilitarianism would justify this however a rule utilitarian would be against this, as it is against the law to steal and lying does not necessarily bring out the greatest good for everyone. In act utilitarianism the aim is to produce the greatest good for the greatest number this is determined by the use of the hedonic calculus which has 7 criterias which are used as a guide to weigh up the pleasure of pains in a situation, this is so that they know how to act regarding a situation and know how much pleasure would be produced, therefore they would hope the consequence of their actions would produce the maximum amount of pleasure for the greatest amount of people, and the least amount of pain. However Mill did not agree with this he said justice is the main thing and argued that selfless organizations do not use the hedonic calculus because they do not think about themselves, they are concerned with everyone having the greatest good. .ue429de8449033c371bf9858a6e1a8742 , .ue429de8449033c371bf9858a6e1a8742 .postImageUrl , .ue429de8449033c371bf9858a6e1a8742 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue429de8449033c371bf9858a6e1a8742 , .ue429de8449033c371bf9858a6e1a8742:hover , .ue429de8449033c371bf9858a6e1a8742:visited , .ue429de8449033c371bf9858a6e1a8742:active { border:0!important; } .ue429de8449033c371bf9858a6e1a8742 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue429de8449033c371bf9858a6e1a8742 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue429de8449033c371bf9858a6e1a8742:active , .ue429de8449033c371bf9858a6e1a8742:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue429de8449033c371bf9858a6e1a8742 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue429de8449033c371bf9858a6e1a8742 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue429de8449033c371bf9858a6e1a8742 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue429de8449033c371bf9858a6e1a8742 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue429de8449033c371bf9858a6e1a8742:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue429de8449033c371bf9858a6e1a8742 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue429de8449033c371bf9858a6e1a8742 .ue429de8449033c371bf9858a6e1a8742-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue429de8449033c371bf9858a6e1a8742:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Salinger, J.D. The Catcher In The Rye EssayJeremy Benthams theory aims to produce the greatest amount of pleasure for the majority, however Mills theory distinguishes between 2 types of pleasures which are high pleasures and low pleasures, higher pleasure are those of the mind such as emotions, imagination and intellectual pursuits etc, and lower pleasures are bodily things such as food, intercourse, drugs and drink etc, and it is better to seek higher pleasure than lower pleasure, so from this Mill said we can evaluate a situation and experiences should tell a person that if you kill someone it would not result in a higher or lower pleasure therefore you should not kill w hich is a general rule. Therefore the difference between act and rule utilitarianism, is that rule utilitarianism is based on rules and following the rules, even if it does not produce the greatest pleasure for the greatest number, as telling the truth instead of lying is good for everyone. Also rule utilitarianism believes that there are 2 types of pleasures, which are higher and lower, and everyone should aim for higher pleasure as it is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a satisfied pig. However in act utilitarianism, Jeremy believed it is best to produce the greatest good for the greatest number by weighing up the pleasure and pain using the hedonic calculus as it would help on deciding what act to do in order to lead to maximum goodness. In rule utilitarianism they believe that people should follow the moral rules as it is for all good, however in act utilitarianism they believe that the act itself determines whether it is right or wrong, however it is the consequence which does so.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Successfully Navigating the Turbulent Skies of a Large-Scale Erp Implementation free essay sample

I will also address how the project team managed and communicated it’s vision amongst the firm and how the new roles were defined, communicated amp; understood. The analysis will focus up to and including the implementation of the system. As the company grew over the years, Bombardier’s strategy of growth by acquisition turned the firm into a â€Å"textbook silo organization†. This created problems as systems did not communicate with each other effectively. This inefficiency generated additional costs because the firm had to maintain all the different systems. Another problem, related to the operation of the aerospace division, was the low visibility of inventory and lack of integration between the old computer systems. This caused process delays, low inventory turns amp; price inconsistency from suppliers. The Bombardier Manufacturing System (BMS) , the group of information technology applications that had been supporting Bombardier Aerospace’s manufacturing activities, had not evolved to cope with the fast changes. We will write a custom essay sample on Successfully Navigating the Turbulent Skies of a Large-Scale Erp Implementation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The BMS capabilities had become limited. We can assume that Bombardier was not a fully integrated company at that time because there was a clear lack of coordination and unity. An example would be how employees would create numerous stand-alone databases throughout the company on operations specific to their function without realizing the negative effect it causes to the rest of the organization such as data errors or omissions. But Bombardier Aerospace was working on becoming an integrated Company, as the Vice-President of Operations and Project Sponsor was aware of the challenges and created a Vision: â€Å"One Company†: To align the operations of its acquired companies by implementing common roles and responsibilities. To meet this enormous challenge, a Enterprise Resource planning (ERP) system was first implemented at Bombardier Aerospace. The first attempt in 2000 was a costly failure. The implementation of this technology without the corresponding organizational changes was the main reason of its failure. The factors that contributed to its breakdown are identified as : Focusing the implementation on inappropriate business processes, an outdated company vision, a weak sponsorship model, insufficient involvement of internal employees and having too many third-party consultants employed on the project. In October 2001, Bombardier Manufacturing Information System (BMIS) was created by the Senior Project Manager to establish a new integrated manufacturing system. BMIS was the first project launched with a vision of an integrated organization. Once completed it would support 9,500 users over seven sites and the main benefit of the system’s integration is the cost savings of over $1. 171 billion and a one time reduction in material inventory of $219 million. To Create amp; implement such a system, a blue print of the operation was created. An integration team was formed; There role was to identify integration points where a process crossed functional boundaries, and independently resolve integration points that could potentially cause disagreement. The functional council took high –level decisions regarding the design of the projects. The BMIS team requested that the plants provide them with experienced employees for the design phase. Some problems that the BMIS project manager was concerned about is that there was a lack of strong business employees, although empowered to make decisions and complete the design had to constantly go back to the business in order to validate. Another problem was the documentation that was requested by the BMIS team were not provided. As a result, the Design phase ran over schedule by several months. Bombardier Aerospace decided to go with a progressive implementation of the system. BMIS would be implemented one plant at a time starting with there newest facility, the Mirabel Plant. The Critical success factor for the project was the â€Å" Vanilla† approach to system design: It was important that the first roll-out or implementation of the system at the Mirabel plant to be a controlled one. Bombardier limited the scope of the first roll-out one section at a time and trained the rest of the shop accordingly. This approach would siege the system to one part of the plant and identify lessons for subsequent roll-outs. The Restructuring of the procurement function plays an important role in realizing the vision of the BMIS. As was stated earlier, one of the problems the firm faced was the low visibility of inventory. By improving the visibility, you can reduce inventory levels that would improve liquidity and reduce cycle time. It was decided mid-project to restructure the procurement function, it was undertaken in parallel with the implementation of the BMIS and was called the Material Resource Planning Technology. The main idea for procurement was to minimize the total acquisition cost and overall procurement costs by concentrating on a centralized and strategic sourcing of inventory. This big change would require the training of new employees and have them ready to use the new system. Data Management was also a parallel project, it can be divided in 2 activities: 1. Data Cleansing: identified as a major risk of the project. 2. Data Preparation: Extraction, mapping, staging and consolidation of data. Before going live it was important to prepare the users in utilizing the new system. Due to the pressure of staying on schedule, training were delivered to users in a short period of time which wasn’t effective because transmitting such a large amount of information in a sort period resulted in a negative effect. Successfully Navigating the Turbulent Skies of a Large-Scale ERP Implementation free essay sample Bombardier’s Background Bombardier started in the year 1942 and went on to become a key player in the transportation industry. It entered the market of rail transportation in 1974 and 8 years later its desire to diversify led it to enter the Aerospace Industry. By January 31, 2007 Bombardier Transportation posted revenues of $ 6.6 Billion of which 55% came from Aerospace division. The Aerospace division has headquarters in Montreal and is the 3rd largest designer and manufacturer of commercial aircraft in the world. Bombardier Aerospace believed that regional jet is necessary to compete with the range of 1000 seat planes that its nearest rival Embraer in introducing the market. The detrimental impact of 9/11, war in Iraq have led to reduction of passenger numbers for large carriers which gave Bombardier a firm position in the airline industry. Business Problem As the company grew over the years, Bombardier’s strategy of growth by acquisition turned the firm into a â€Å"textbook silo organization†. We will write a custom essay sample on Successfully Navigating the Turbulent Skies of a Large-Scale ERP Implementation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This created problems as systems did not communicate with each other effectively. This inefficiency generated additional costs because the firm had to maintain all the different systems. Another problem, related to the operation of the aerospace division, was the low visibility of inventory and lack of integration between the old computer systems. This caused process delays, low inventory turns price inconsistency from suppliers. The Bombardier Manufacturing System (BMS), the group of information technology applications that had been supporting Bombardier Aerospace’s manufacturing activities, had not evolved to cope with the fast changes. The BMS capabilities had become limited. We can assume that Bombardier was not a fully integrated company at that time because there was a clear lack of coordination and unity. An example would be how employees would create numerous stand-alone databases throughout the company on operations specific to their function. Solution for the business problem Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system was considered by Aerospace as best way to realize the strategic vision.It was realized early on by senior management that if the many assorted clerical process could be organized under one overarching system, the resulting efficiency would enable a savings of 1.71 billion dollars. First ERP Implementation Wasted approximately 130 million dollars due to an improper alignment of IT and business strategy. Accordingly, this time around there existed great imperative to ensure that the new project team created a blue print that â€Å"cut a line through the processes horizontally†. The design of the PC term project is based on similar principles diverging perhaps only on how Bombardier insourced rather than outsourced its development. Nonetheless, like how the consulting group PC contracted has also overpriced its services to the tune of $6,000 dollars yearly (See Cost-Benefit Analysis), the innumerable consultants Bombardier originally hired delivered a product whose quality was out of proportion to its price. Another parallel lies in how for both Projects, meetings with the senior management needed to be conduct so as to ensure that the proposed and design project appropriately captured the company’s business strategy. The case presents the implementation of an ERP system in Bombardier, along with all the major changes the corporation undertook for a successful transition. The problem that Bombardier is facing is the ability to find out how to implement an ERP system that will contribute to the large inherited data and processes from other sectors of the company. At this point Bombardier is facing compatibility issues with their systems. An answer was needed to enable and establish a better way of communication between systems or establish an alternative to become a better centralized system and find a solution to the lack of integration of their legacy systems. Problem/Issue Statement The problem presented by Joseph-Armand Bombardier is the upcoming third round of ERP implementation in his organization. Even though a big improvement over the efficiency and success of execution between the first ERP round (Mirabel plant) and second round (Saint-Laurent plant), there is still room for improvement. The focus is to identify the practices vs. the best of the best practices in the industry in relation to ERP implementation and offer specifics on how to make this third round provide a higher success rate. Main Problem: The rollout of ERP at the Mirabel plant and then followed by the Saint-Laurent plant did improve, but still had their fair share of challenges. Our area of improvement will be from the results given after ERP went live at Saint-Laurent. The main problem appears to be still be a disconnect between the business vs. project team and properly communicating and training those who will be using the new ERP system (SAP in this situation). While the overall response was positive, not every issue from the Mirabel plant has been corrected and resolved. Symptoms: A few symptoms mentioned was that specialized knowledge was concentrated in a few individuals, embellishing the scorecards to mask some of the issues, gaps in understanding of priority between project team and actual business, and finally some feedback on wanting SAP to have done more for an individual’s current job. The scope of the problem involves the next plant/location of Bombardier that will have ERP implemented to replace their legacy system. It is vital to establish â€Å"best of best† practices to provide a seamless transition with positive short and long-term results. We do not want to take a step backwards with loss of productivity, dissatisfied employees, and weak communication within the organization. Situation Assessment The context of the problem is based primarily on improvements over the last ERP implementation from the Saint-Laurent plant as well as looking at the best of best industry practices for successfully rolling out ERP in a large size corporation. We, as the consultants, must look at what’s been done both  internally and externally, and develop strategies to help guide Bombardier into a smoother process. Again, with looking at the symptoms that Bombardier is currently experiencing post-Saint Laurent plant, the company has a clearer vision on how to proceed. The decision criteria to consider include: Greater active involvement with management, stronger communication, closer link between business and support group, and increase in productivity and output. List of Plausible Alternative Courses of Action and Evaluations The alternative courses of actions would be to adopt key best-of-best practices that have led to a positive ERP implementation. Based on a study down by Panorama Consulting (Link# 1), we see that five key findings found in ERP implementations done in 2010 include the following: ERP implementations take longer than expected Software as a service (SaaS) implementations take less time than on-premise ERP implementations, but deliver less business value Companies do not effectively manage the organizational changes of ERP Based on these five problems, I would recommend that Bombardier adopt/continue to strengthen the following best practices (Cite #1): 1. Executive management should endorse the ERP project and remain active throughout implementation. – As was seen with the Saint Laurent plant, management was very active in meetings, progress reports, and being a pro-voice for ERP. Even the Vice-President could be seen at the location promoting the new software. Moving forward, this model should be continued and strengthened. By having upper management communicate (see item# 5) the feedback and updates to all personnel, it will show that every employee has a role to play and is vital to the success of this rollout. 2. Project manager should be assigned full-time to the implementation. – By not having to separate one’s time from work and ERP preparation, you can ensure that focus and attention is being given as a high priority. This will trickle down to show employees that this is not a haphazard process, but one that takes time and is meant to have a lasting effect on the organization. 3. Employees should receive  training on how to work as a team on a project before implementation begins. – With SAP, departments are connecting in a way that may be unfamiliar to those who were used to having their own system and methodology for working. For that reason, I would recommend having these team building exercises to make everyone aware and comfortable with sharing information. Aside from that, it is important for everyone to know how their work in the new system can directly (and indirectly) affect others in different departments. For instance, knowing what happens when a wrong route code is entered and the effect it has on logistics can help to prevent these errors and eliminate this â€Å"me† mentality. 4. Employees should receive training before and after implementation. One key area that was improved from the Mirabel implementation was that not a lot of training should be given before vs. after ERP is live. Instead, it is wise to have the employees aware of the changes coming, but to also provide more in depth training sessions and refresher courses after those employees have had time to use the system. As stated in the case, a lot of unknown problems/issues originated after the system went live and the company would do well to retain a support staff on location (or easily accessible via phone/computer) if questions do arise. 5. Communication must be maintained throughout process and in an efficient manner. – By holding department meetings, producing a newsletter, or just having impromptu updates, employees will be kept in the loop and will see the importance of ERP implementation. While management would not want to communicate any issues during these phases, it would be wise to be honest with employees and to offer a forum for feedback and suggestions. This is important as the employees will be the ones using the system more than anyone else involved in setting up ERP and when employees concerns go unheard, it can lead to disengagement and resentment. I am not too concerned about budget costs, mainly because Bombardier is already familiar with the process and as they continue to bring SAP over to their other facilities, there is a positive network effect of sharing information from the other locations and even bringing those â€Å"power users† over to assist. Whereas other companies looked at in other case studies may have had experienced far greater risks with ERP implementation, this is because the organization was not ready for change. Case Study Conclusions While viewing the quality and logical recommendation, it is right to say that Bombardier should allow the ERP process to take place once more and finish what was once started. With the BMIS team created, training and support would be available to be present during future implementations which would create a positive influence on all the employees who are new to it all. Having training before and after the implementation would allow those who were never working on the same systems integrate and have familiarity working together. During the implementations, the upper management should always be present along with the BMIS team. The presence with upper management influences not only the employees but the consultants also. Also, the divisions would also need support while the entire company is being implemented because they are also in the loop . With ERP, Bombardier would allow their vision to become â€Å"One Company† and allow all their divisions to share and become centralized as a whole.